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 ÀڷᱸºÐ  Áö½Ä»çÀü  ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ  2008-09-22
 Á¦¸ñ  ³ë¿¹Çع漱¾ð(Ò¿çæú°Û¯à¾åë, Emancipation Proclamation)
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 ÀÚ·áÃâó    ¼º°æº»¹®  
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1863³â 1¿ù 1ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³ë¿¹Çع濡 °üÇÏ¿© ´ëÅë·É A.¸µÄÁÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ¼±¾ð.
³²ºÏÀüÀï Áß ¸µÄÁÀº 1862³â 9¿ùÀÇ ¾ÈƼÅÒ ÀüÅõ¿¡¼­ ÀüȲÀÌ ºÏºÎ¿¡ À¯¸®ÇØÁöÀÚ '³ë¿¹ÇØ¹æ ¿¹ºñ¼±¾ð'À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿¬¹æ¿¡¼­ Å»ÅðÇÑ ³²ºÎ ¿©·¯ ÁÖ°¡ 1863³â 1¿ù 1ÀϱîÁö ¿¬¹æ¿¡ º¹±ÍÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ³ë¿¹ÇعæÀ» ¼±¾ðÇϰڴٴ °æ°í¿´À¸³ª, ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀÌ Á¤½ÄÀ¸·Î Æ÷°íµÇ¾ú´Ù.

 

³»¿ëÀº, ¨ç ¹Ý¶õ»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿©·¯ ÁÖÀÇ ³ë¿¹¸¦ ÀüºÎ ÇØ¹æÇϸç, ¨è ÇØ¹æµÈ ÈæÀÎÀº Æø·ÂÀ» »ï°¡°í ÀûÀýÇÑ ÀÓ±ÝÀ¸·Î Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ ÀÏÇÒ °Í, ¨é ÈæÀο¡°Ô ¿¬¹æ ±º´ë¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ ÁÙ °Í µîÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÀº ³²ºÏÀüÀï¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àü·«Àû ÀÇÀǵµ °¡Áö´Âµ¥, ³²ºÎÀÇ »ç±â¸¦ ¶³¾î¶ß¸®°í ³²ºÎ ¿©·¯ ÁÖÀÇ ¿¬¹æ Á¶±âº¹±Í(ðÄÑ¢ÜÖÏý)¸¦ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ³ë¿¹ÇعæÀº ÀüÀï µÚ ÇÕÁß±¹ ¼öÁ¤(áóïá)Çå¹ý Á¦13¡­15Á¶ÀÇ ¼º¸³À¸·Î ÆóÁö°¡ È®Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.
 

³ë¿¹ ÇØ¹æ ´ç½Ã ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »çÁ¤
1863³â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³²ºÏÀüÀïÀÌ ÇÑâÀÌ´ø ½Ã±â¿¡ ¸µÄÁÀº ºÏºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³ë¿¹µéÀÇ ÇØ¹æÀ» ¼±¾ðÇÑ´Ù. ¸µÄÁÀº 1860³âµµ¿¡ ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ç¼±ÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ´ç½Ã ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ºÏºÎ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­´Â ¸µÄÁÀÌ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î Ã⸶¸¦ Çß°í, ³²ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â Èĺ¸ ´ÜÀÏÈ­¸¦ ÀÌ·çÁö ¸øÇؼ­, µÎ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ã⸶¸¦ ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹Ì±¹ ³²ºÎÀÎÀÇ ÁöÁö¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇßÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ç¼±µÇ°Ô µÈ´Ù.


¸µÄÁÀÇ ´ëÅë·É ´ç¼±Àº ³ë¿¹ ÆóÁö¸¦ ¿¹°íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³²ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â À̸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí, '³²ºÎ¿¬ÇÕ±¹'À» ¼±Æ÷Çϰí, ºÏºÎ¿Í ÀüÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´Ü±â°£¿¡ ³¡ÀÌ ³¯ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¸ðµÎÀÇ ¿¹»ó°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ÀüÀïÀº 4³â°£ ÀϾ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Ãʹݿ¡ ÀüÀïÀº ³²ºÎ±ºÀÌ ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ³ë¿¹ÀÇ ÇØ¹æ°ú ´õºÒ¾î Àη°ú ¹°ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¾Õ¼± ºÏºÎ±ºÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡¼­ ½Â¸®ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.


¿¡À̺귯ÇÜ ¸µÄÁ - ³ë¿¹Çع漱¾ð¹®

Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:

"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

"That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States."

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit:

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.

 

1862³â 9¿ù 22ÀÏÀ» ±âÇÏ¿© ¹ÌÇÕÁß±¹ ´ëÅë·É ¸µÄÁÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¼±¾ð¹®À» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Abraham Lincoln delivers the Emancipation Proclamation to his CabinetÇöÀç ¹ÌÇÕÁß±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¶õ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÖ ¶Ç´Â ÁÖÀÇ ÀϺÎÀÇ ¿¹¼Ó »óÅÂÀÎ ³ë¿¹µéÀº 1863³â 1¿ù 1ÀÏ ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¸öÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À°±º ¹× ÇØ±ºÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇϰí ÁöÄÑÁÙ °ÍÀ̰í, ±×µéÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¾ï¾ÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ ±×µéÀÌ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ò°íÀÚ ³ë·ÂÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Á¦¾àµµ °¡ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


¹Ì±¹ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ¾Õ¼­ ¸»ÇÑ 1¿ù 1ÀÏ¿¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ÌÇÕÁß±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¶õ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁÖµé°ú ÁÖÀÇ ÀϺΠÁö¿ªÀ» ¼±Æ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ (¹Ý¶õÁÖ·Î) ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×³¯±îÁö ÁÖ ¶Ç´Â ÁֹΠÀ¯±ÇÀÚÀÇ °ú¹Ý¼ö ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÅõÇ¥ÇÏ¿© ¼±ÃâÇÑ ´ëÀÇ¿øµéÀ» ¼ºÀǸ¦ °¡Áö°í ¹Ì±¹ ÀÇȸ¿¡ ÆÄ°ßÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¸é À̸¦ µÚ¾þÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ Áõ¾ðÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇÑ, ±× ÁÖ¿Í ÁÖ¹ÎÀº ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¹Ý¶õ»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁÖÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÎ ³ª, ¿¡À̺귯ÇÜ ¸µÄÁÀº ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÇÁ¦ ¹«Àå ¹Ý¶õ½Ã¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ À°Çرº ÃÑ»ç·É°üÀ¸·Î¼­ ºÎ¿©µÈ ±ÇÇÑ¿¡ ÀǰÅÇÏ¿©, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ¹Ý¶õÀ» Áø¾ÐÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀûÇÕÇϰí ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¶Ä¡·Î¼­, 1863³â 1¿ù 1ÀϺÎÅÍ ±× ÀÌÈÄ 100ÀÏ µ¿¾È, ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ¹Ý¶õ »óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÁÖ¿Í ÁÖÀÇ ÀϺΠÁö¿ªÀ» ¹Ý¶õÁÖ·Î Áö¸íÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ´Ù.


¾ÆÄ­»ç½º, ÅØ»ç½º, ·çÀÌÁö¾Ö³ª(¼¼ÀÎÆ® ¹ö³ªµå, Palquemines, Á¦ÆÛ½¼, ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Á¸, ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Âû½º, ¼¼ÀÎÆ® Á¦ÀÓ½º, Ascension, Assumption, Å×·¹º», Lafourche, ¼¼ÀÎÆ® ¸Å¸®, ¼¼ÀÎÆ® ¸¶Æ¾, ±×¸®°í ¿Ã¸®¾ðÁî Áö¿ªÀº Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ´º¿Ã¸®¾ðÁî´Â Æ÷ÇÔÇÔ), ¹Ì½Ã½ÃÇÇ, ¾Ë¶ó¹Ù¸¶, Ç÷θ®´Ù, Á¶Áö¾Æ, »ç¿ì½º ij·Ñ¶óÀ̳ª, ³ë¿ì½º ij·Ñ¶óÀ̳ª, ±×¸®°í ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ(¿þ½ºÆ® ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ 45°³ Ä«¿îƼ¿Í ¹öŬ¸®, ¸¶ÄÚ¸Æ, ¿¤¸®ÀÚº£½º ½ÃƼ, ¿äÅ©, Princess Anne, ±×¸®°í ³ëÆÜÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ³ëÆÜ ¹× Æ÷Ã÷¸Ó½ºÀÇ µµ½ÃµéÀº Æ÷ÇÔÇÔ), ±×¸®°í Á¦¿ÜµÈ Áö¿ªÀº ÇöÀç ³ë¿¹ÇØ¹æ¼±¾ðÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǾî ÀÖ´Â »óÅÂÀÌ´Ù.


»ó±â ±ÇÇѰú ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ» À§ÇÏ¿©, ³ª´Â ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹Ý¶õÁÖ·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÁÖ¿Í ÁÖÀÇ ÀϺΠÁö¿ª¿¡¼­ ³ë¿¹·Î ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷Àº ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ¸öÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¼±Æ÷ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í À°±º°ú ÇØ±º ´ç±¹À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ¾Õ¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤Çϰí À¯ÁöÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¼±¾ðµÈ »ó±âÀÇ ³ë¿¹µé¿¡°Ô Àڱ⠹æ¾î¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é ¸ðµç Æø·Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ »ï°¥ °ÍÀ» ¸íÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µé¿¡°Ô Çã¿ëµÈ ¸ðµç °æ¿ì¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÑ ÀÓ±ÝÀ» ¹ú±â À§ÇÏ¿© Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ ³ëµ¿ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í º»ÀÎÀº ÀûÇÕÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀ» °®Ãá ÀÚ´Â ¹Ì±¹ ±º´ë¿¡ ÀÔ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿ä»õ, ÁøÁö ¹× ±âŸºÎ¼­¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ°í, ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ ¼±¹Ú¿¡µµ ¹èÄ¡µÉ °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¸®´Â ¹ÙÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í Áø½Ç·Î Á¤ÀǸ¦ À§ÇÑ ÇàÀ§ÀÌ¸ç ±º»ç»óÀÇ Çʿ信 ÀÇÇÏ¿© Çå¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇØ º¸ÁõµÈ ÀÌ ¼±¾ð¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àü´ÉÇϽŠÇÏ´À´ÔÀÇ ÀºÃѰú ÀηùÀÇ ½ÅÁßÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ ÇÔ²² Çϱ⸦ ±â¿øÇÑ´Ù.

 

 

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